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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">patmedfar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пациентоориентированная медицина и фармация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Patient-Oriented Medicine and Pharmacy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1924</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC Izdatelstvo OKI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2949-1924-0040</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NULQPV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">patmedfar-67</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ И РЕАБИЛИТАЦИОННАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стрессовая реакция при физических нагрузках, ось кишка-мозг, кишечная микробиота у спортсменов: обзор литературы (часть II)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stress response during exercise, gut-brain axis, gut microbiota in athletes: a review of the literature (part II)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-6325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маргазин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Margazin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маргазин Владимир Алексеевич — д. м. н., заслуженный врач РФ, проф. кафедры медико-биологических основ спорта</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Margazin — M. D., D. Sc. (Medicine), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor of the department</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">margazin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3181-9997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гансбургский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gansburgskiy</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гансбургский Михаил Андреевич — к. м. н., доцент кафедры физической культуры и спорта</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Gansburgskiy — M. D., Ph. D. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the department of Physical Education and Sports</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">magan76@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-7075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коромыслов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koromyslov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коромыслов Александр Владимирович — к. м. н., доцент кафедры медико-биологических основ спорта</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Koromyslov — M. D., Ph. D. (Medicine), associate Professor of the Department of Medical and Biological Sport Fundamentals</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korsacfif1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2936-7570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костров</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostrov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костров Сергей Александрович — ассистент кафедры медицинской кибернетики</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Kostrov — Assistant of the Department of Medical Cybernetics</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosea@ysmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБО ВО «Ярославский государственный педагогический университет им. К. Д. Ушинского» Министерства просвещения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБО ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маргазин В.А., Гансбургский М.А., Коромыслов А.В., Костров С.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маргазин В.А., Гансбургский М.А., Коромыслов А.В., Костров С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Margazin V.A., Gansburgskiy М.А., Koromyslov A.V., Kostrov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pomph.ru/jour/article/view/67">https://www.pomph.ru/jour/article/view/67</self-uri><abstract><p>Взаимосвязь между физической выносливостью и составом микробиоты вызывает всё больший интерес, поскольку новые данные указывают на значимость кишечной флоры в качестве одного из основных факторов, определяющих здоровье спортсменов. Полный объём изменений, которые происходят в микробиоте при физической нагрузке, ещё не изучен. Чтобы повысить работоспособность и снизить стресс, вызванный физическими упражнениями, тренировочные программы в сочетании с индивидуализированными диетами, направлены на балансировку системных стрессоров. Питательные вещества, особенно в условиях стресса, оказывают существенное и комплексное влияние на энергетический обмен, синтез белка, функционирование эндокринной, нервной и иммунной систем. Степень регулирования реакции на стресс питательными веществами зависит от продолжительности действия стрессора, интенсивности и типа нагрузок, физиологического статуса атлета, а также состава и функции микробиоты. Стандартные диетические планы сложно определить из-за индивидуальной сложности реакции на стресс у спортсменов, варьирующейся от проблем с пищеварением до катаболических состояний и депрессии. Традиционно спортсменам рекомендуется потреблять большое количество простых углеводов и белков, но ограничить потребление жиров и клетчатки, чтобы обеспечить быстрый источник энергии и избежать проблем с пищеварением, связанных с высоким содержанием клетчатки. Рацион спортсменов строится на использовании продуктов, содержащих питательные микроэлементы, такие как железо, кальций, аминокислоты, незаменимые жирные кислоты и антиоксиданты, однако влияние этих компонентов на состав кишечной микробиоты изучено недостаточно. Управляемая регуляция микробиоты посредством диеты может улучшить работоспособность во время тренировок и соревнований, а также снизить стрессовую реакцию и помочь более эффективному восстановлению ресурсов организма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relationship between physical endurance performance and microbiota composition is of increasing interest as new evidence points to the importance of intestinal flora as a major determinant of athlete health. The full extent of changes that occur in the microbiota during exercise has not yet been studied. To enhance performance and reduce exercise-induced stress, training programs, combined with individualized diets, aim to balance systemic stressors. Nutrients, especially under conditions of stress, have significant and complete effects on energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and the functioning of the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. The degree to which nutrients regulate the stress response depends on the duration of the stressor, intensity and type of exertion, the physiologic status of the athlete, and the composition and function of the microbiota. Standard dietary plans are difficult to define because of the individual complexity of the stress response in athletes, ranging from digestive problems to catabolic states and depression. Traditionally, athletes are advised to consume high amounts of simple carbohydrates and proteins and limit fat and fiber intake to provide a quick source of energy and avoid digestive problems associated with high fiber intake. Athletes’ diets are based on the use of foods containing micronutrients such as iron, calcium, amino acids, essential fatty acids, and antioxidants, but the effects of these components on the composition of the intestinal microbiota are poorly understood. Controlled regulation of the microbiota through diet may improve performance during training and competition, reduce stress response, and aid in more efficient recovery of body resources.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спортсмен</kwd><kwd>физические нагрузки</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>диетические рекомендации</kwd><kwd>физическая и реабилитационная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>athlete</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>dietary recommendations</kwd><kwd>physical and rehabilitation medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fontana F, Longhi G, Tarracchini C, Mancabelli L, Lugli GA, Alessandri G, Turroni F, Milani C, Ventura M. The human gut microbiome of athletes: metagenomic and metabolic insights. 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