<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">patmedfar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пациентоориентированная медицина и фармация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Patient-Oriented Medicine and Pharmacy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1924</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC Izdatelstvo OKI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2949-1924-0036</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CAFZBA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">patmedfar-63</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL TRIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность и безопасность пирфенидона по данным клинических исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficacy and safety of pirfenidone according to clinical trials</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0032-0341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хохлов Александр Леонидович — д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН, зав. кафедрой фармакологии и клинической фармакологии, ректор; Председатель Совета по этике при Министерстве здравоохранения РФ</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander L. Khokhlov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector and Head of the Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Department; Chairman of the Ethics Council under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al460935@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-8770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбачкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybachkova</surname><given-names>J. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбачкова Юлия Владимировна — к. м. н., ассистент кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia V. Rybachkova — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia3111@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хохлов А.Л., Рыбачкова Ю.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хохлов А.Л., Рыбачкова Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khokhlov A.L., Rybachkova J.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pomph.ru/jour/article/view/63">https://www.pomph.ru/jour/article/view/63</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты клинических исследований применения пирфенидона при идиопатическом лёгочном фиброзе (ИЛФ). Цель работы — анализ эффективности и безопасности применения пирфенидона при ИЛФ по данным клинических исследований, опубликованных в научной литературе. В структуре интерстициальных заболеваний лёгких важное место занимает ИЛФ. В настоящее время под ИЛФ понимают состояние, при котором отмечается хроническая прогрессирующая фибротическая интерстициальная асептическая пневмония неизвестной этиологии, быстро приводящая к инвалидизации и летальному исходу. Противофиброзный лекарственный препарат пирфенидон одобрен ЕМА и FDA к применению у пациентов с ИЛФ. Клиническая эффективность и безопасность пирфенидона продемонстрирована в рандомизированных клинических исследованиях. При применении пирфенидона было на 47,9 % меньше пациентов с абсолютным снижением форсированной жизненной ёмкости лёгких (ФЖЕЛ) ≥10 % или умерших, а также на 132,5 % больше пациентов с отсутствием снижения ФЖЕЛ (р&lt;0,001). Кроме того, в группе пирфенидона был достоверно лучше показатель теста с 6-минутной ходьбой (р=0,04) и значительно повысилась выживаемость без прогрессирования заболевания (р&lt;0,001). Длительный приём пирфенидона (до 72 недель) достоверно уменьшал скорость снижения ФЖЕЛ, препятствовал сокращению пройденного расстояния в тесте с 6-минутной ходьбой, а также увеличивал сроки до появления признаков прогрессирования заболевания в сравнении с плацебо. Пирфенидон продемонстрировал хороший профиль безопасности, нежелательные эффекты в большинстве случаев были слабыми, исчезали при уменьшении дозы препарата и не имели неблагоприятных отдалённых последствий. В результате обобщённого анализа нежелательных явлений, зарегистрированных в исследованиях CAPACITY, ASCEND и RECAP, было установлено, что длительное (максимальная продолжительность составила 9,9 года) лечение пирфенидоном сопровождалось возникновением тошноты в 37,6 % случаев, диареи — в 28,1 %, диспепсии — в 18,4 %, рвоты — в 15,9 % и высыпаний на коже — в 25,0 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of clinical studies on the use of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are presented. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of pirfenidone in IPF according to clinical studies published in the scientific literature. IPF occupies an important place in the structure of interstitial lung diseases. Currently, IPF is understood as a condition in which there is chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial aseptic pneumonia of unknown etiology, quickly leading to disability and death. The antifibrotic drug pirfenidone has been approved by the EMA and FDA for use in patients with IPF. The clinical efficacy and safety of pirfenidone have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. When using pirfenidone, there were 47.9 % fewer patients with an absolute decrease in FVC ≥10 % or who died, and 132.5 % more patients with no decrease in FVC (p &lt;0.001). In addition, the pirfenidone group had significantly better 6-minute walk test scores (p=0.04) and significantly improved progression-free survival (p&lt;0.001). Long-term use of pirfenidone (up to 72 weeks) significantly reduced the rate of decline in FVC, prevented a reduction in distance traveled in the 6-minute walk test, and increased the time until signs of disease progression appeared compared with placebo. Pirfenidone demonstrated a good safety profile; in most cases, adverse effects were mild, disappeared when the drug dose was reduced, and had no adverse long-term consequences. As a result of a generalized analysis of adverse events recorded in the CAPACITY, ASCEND, and RECAP studies, it was found that long-term (maximum duration was 9.9 years) treatment with pirfenidone was accompanied by nausea in 37.6 % of cases, diarrhea in 28.1 %, dyspepsia — in 18.4 %, vomiting — in 15.9 %, and skin rashes — in 25.0 %.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>идиопатический лёгочный фиброз</kwd><kwd>пирфенидон</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>клинические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis</kwd><kwd>pirfenidone</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>clinical trials</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Идиопатический лёгочный фиброз. Клинические рекомендации, 2023. https://spulmo.ru/upload/kr/ILF_2024_draft.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical guidelines, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Myers JL, Richeldi L, Ryerson CJ, Lederer DJ, Behr J, Cottin V, Danoff SK, Morell F, Flaherty KR, Wells A, Martinez FJ, Azuma A, Bice TJ, Bouros D, Brown KK, Collard HR, Duggal A, Galvin L, Inoue Y, Jenkins RG, Johkoh T, Kazerooni EA, Kitaichi M, Knight SL, Mansour G, Nicholson AG, Pipavath SNJ, Buendía-Roldán I, Selman M, Travis WD, Walsh S, Wilson KC; American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Latin American Thoracic Society. Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep 1;198(5):e44-e68. doi: 10.1164/rc-cm.201807-1255ST.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Myers JL, Richeldi L, Ryerson CJ, Lederer DJ, Behr J, Cottin V, Danoff SK, Morell F, Flaherty KR, Wells A, Martinez FJ, Azuma A, Bice TJ, Bouros D, Brown KK, Collard HR, Duggal A, Galvin L, Inoue Y, Jenkins RG, Johkoh T, Kazerooni EA, Kitaichi M, Knight SL, Mansour G, Nicholson AG, Pipavath SNJ, Buendía-Roldán I, Selman M, Travis WD, Walsh S, Wilson KC; American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Latin American Thoracic Society. Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep 1;198(5):e44-e68. doi: 10.1164/rc-cm.201807-1255ST.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valeyre D, Duchemann B, Nunes H, et al. Interstitial Lung diseases. Respiratory epidemiology. Eur Respir Monogr. 2014;65:79-87. DOI: 10.1183/2312508X.erm6514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valeyre D, Duchemann B, Nunes H, et al. Interstitial Lung diseases. Respiratory epidemiology. Eur Respir Monogr. 2014;65:79-87. DOI:10.1183/2312508X.erm6514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raghu G, Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Bradford WZ, Oster G. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct 1;174(7):810-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200602-163OC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raghu G, Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Bradford WZ, Oster G. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct 1;174(7):810-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200602-163OC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, Sobonya RE. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Oct;150(4):967-72. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.150.4.7921471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, Sobonya RE. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Oct;150(4):967-72. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.150.4.7921471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nalysnyk L, Cid-Ruzafa J, Rotella P, Esser D. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: review of the literature. Eur Respir Rev. 2012 Dec 1;21(126):355-61. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00002512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nalysnyk L, Cid-Ruzafa J, Rotella P, Esser D. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: review of the literature. Eur Respir Rev. 2012 Dec 1;21(126):355-61. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00002512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee JH, Park HJ, Kim S, Kim YJ, Kim HC. Epidemiology and comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Pulm Med. 2023 Feb 4;23(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02340-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee JH, Park HJ, Kim S, Kim YJ, Kim HC. Epidemiology and comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Pulm Med. 2023 Feb 4;23(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02340-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navaratnam V, Fleming KM, West J, Smith CJ, Jenkins RG, Fogarty A, Hubbard RB. The rising incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the U.K. Thorax. 2011 Jun;66(6):462-7. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.148031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navaratnam V, Fleming KM, West J, Smith CJ, Jenkins RG, Fogarty A, Hubbard RB. The rising incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the U.K. Thorax. 2011 Jun;66(6):462-7. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.148031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raghu G, Chen SY, Yeh WS, Maroni B, Li Q, Lee YC, Collard HR. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence, and survival, 2001-11. Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Jul;2(7):566-72. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70101-8. Epub 2014 May 27. Erratum in: Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Jul;2(7):e12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raghu G, Chen SY, Yeh WS, Maroni B, Li Q, Lee YC, Collard HR. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence, and survival, 2001-11. Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Jul;2(7):566-72. doi: 10.1016/S2213-600(14)70101-8. Epub 2014 May 27. Erratum in: Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Jul;2(7):e12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taniguchi H, Ebina M, Kondoh Y, Ogura T, Azuma A, Suga M, Taguchi Y, Takahashi H, Nakata K, Sato A, Takeuchi M, Raghu G, Kudoh S, Nukiwa T; Pirfenidone Clinical Study Group in Japan. Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2010 Apr;35(4):821-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00005209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taniguchi H, Ebina M, Kondoh Y, Ogura T, Azuma A, Suga M, Taguchi Y, Takahashi H, Nakata K, Sato A, Takeuchi M, Raghu G, Kudoh S, Nukiwa T; Pirfenidone Clinical Study Group in Japan. Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2010 Apr;35(4):821-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00005209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noble PW, Albera C, Bradford WZ, Costabel U, Glassberg MK, Kardatzke D, King TE Jr, Lancaster L, Sahn SA, Szwarcberg J, Valeyre D, du Bois RM; CAPACITY Study Group. Pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CAPACITY): two randomised trials. Lancet. 2011 May 21;377(9779):1760-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60405-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noble PW, Albera C, Bradford WZ, Costabel U, Glassberg MK, Kardatzke D, King TE Jr, Lancaster L, Sahn SA, Szwarcberg J, Valeyre D, du Bois RM; CAPACITY Study Group. Pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CAPACITY): two randomised trials. Lancet. 2011 May 21;377(9779):1760-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60405-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King TE Jr, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, Fagan EA, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, Gorina E, Hopkins PM, Kardatzke D, Lancaster L, Lederer DJ, Nathan SD, Pereira CA, Sahn SA, Sussman R, Swigris JJ, Noble PW; ASCEND Study Group. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014 May 29;370(22):2083-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1402582. Epub 2014 May 18. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 18;371(12):1172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King TE Jr, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, Fagan EA, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, Gorina E, Hopkins PM, Kardatzke D, Lancaster L, Lederer DJ, Nathan SD, Pereira CA, Sahn SA, Sussman R, Swigris JJ, Noble PW; ASCEND Study Group. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014 May 29;370(22):2083-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1402582. Epub 2014 May 18. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 18;371(12):1172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tsuboi E, Suga M, Abe S, Nakata K, Taguchi Y, Nagai S, Itoh H, Ohi M, Sato A, Kudoh S. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 May 1;171(9):1040-7. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200404-571OC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tsuboi E, Suga M, Abe S, Nakata K, Taguchi Y, Nagai S, Itoh H, Ohi M, Sato A, Kudoh S. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 May 1;171(9):1040-7. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200404-571OC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glassberg MK, Wijsenbeek MS, Gilberg F, Petzinger U, Kirchgaessler KU, Albera C. Effect of pirfenidone on breathlessness in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2019 Sep 30;54(3):1900399. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00399-2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glassberg MK, Wijsenbeek MS, Gilberg F, Petzinger U, Kirchgaessler KU, Albera C. Effect of pirfenidone on breathlessness in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2019 Sep 30;54(3):1900399. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00399-2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aravena C, Labarca G, Venegas C, Arenas A, Rada G. Pirfenidone for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 26;10(8):e0136160. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136160. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aravena C, Labarca G, Venegas C, Arenas A, Rada G. Pirfenidone for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 26;10(8):e0136160. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136160. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spagnolo P, Del Giovane C, Luppi F, Cerri S, Balduzzi S, Walters EH, D'Amico R, Richeldi L. Non-steroid agents for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8;(9): CD003134. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003134.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spagnolo P, Del Giovane C, Luppi F, Cerri S, Balduzzi S, Walters EH, D'Amico R, Richeldi L. Non-steroid agents for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8;(9): CD003134. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003134.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ley B, Swigris J, Day BM, Stauffer JL, Raimundo K, Chou W, Collard HR. Pirfenidone Reduces Respiratory-related Hospitalizations in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Sep 15;196(6):756-761. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0091OC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ley B, Swigris J, Day BM, Stauffer JL, Raimundo K, Chou W, Collard HR. Pirfenidone Reduces Respiratory-related Hospitalizations in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Sep 15;196(6):756-761. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0091OC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ley B, Raj R, Trzaskoma B, Morgenthien E, Stauffer J, Limb S, Swigris J. The effect of season on hospitalization and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with pirfenidone versus placebo. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2018;197:A4526.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ley B, Raj R, Trzaskoma B, Morgenthien E, Stauffer J, Limb S, Swigris J. The effect of season on hospitalization and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with pirfenidone versus placebo. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2018;197:A4526.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Welsh ET. Pirfenidone may slow lung function decline in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-ILD // Healio (21.09.2022). URL: https://www.healio.com/news/pulmonology/20220921/pir-fenidone-may-slow-lung-function-decline-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritisild</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Welsh ET. Pirfenidone may slow lung function decline in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-ILD // Healio (21.09.2022). URL: https://www.healio.com/news/pulmonology/20220921/pirfenidone-may-slow-lung-function-decline-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritisild</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nathan SD, Albera C, Bradford WZ, Costabel U, du Bois RM, Fagan EA, Fishman RS, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, Glasscock KF, King TE Jr, Lancaster L, Lederer DJ, Lin Z, Pereira CA, Swigris JJ, Valeyre D, Noble PW, Wells AU. Effect of continued treatment with pirfenidone following clinically meaningful declines in forced vital capacity: analysis of data from three phase 3 trials in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax. 2016 May;71(5):429-35. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nathan SD, Albera C, Bradford WZ, Costabel U, du Bois RM, Fagan EA, Fishman RS, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, Glasscock KF, King TE Jr, Lancaster L, Lederer DJ, Lin Z, Pereira CA, Swigris JJ, Valeyre D, Noble PW, Wells AU. Effect of continued treatment with pirfenidone following clinically meaningful declines in forced vital capacity: analysis of data from three phase 3 trials in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax. 2016 May;71(5):429-35. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corral M, Reddy S, Chang E, Broder M, Gokhale S, Raimundo A. Rates of adherence and persistence of antifibrotic therapies in the US medicare population. American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference. B103 ILD: Therapy / RAPid: Rapid Abstract Discussion Session; Monday, May 20, 2019. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2019;199:A4094.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corral M, Reddy S, Chang E, Broder M, Gokhale S, Raimundo A. Rates of adherence and persistence of antifibrotic therapies in the US medicare population. American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference. B103 ILD: Therapy / RAPid: Rapid Abstract Discussion Session; Monday, May 20, 2019. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2019;199:A4094.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Визель А.А., Белевский А.С., Визель И.Ю. Идиопатический лёгочный фиброз: далеки ли мы от решения проблемы? Практическая пульмонология. 2019;1:38-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vizel AA, Belevskiy AS, Vizel IYu. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: on the Way of Resolving the Problem. Practical pulmonology. 2019;1:38-44. (In Rus.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lv X, Li K, Hu Z. Autophagy and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1207:569-579. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lv X, Li K, Hu Z. Autophagy and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1207:569-579. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogawa K, Miyamoto A, Hanada S, Takahashi Y, Murase K, Mochizuki S. The efficiacy and safety of long-term pirfenidone therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Med. 2018;18. DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.0559-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogawa K, Miyamoto A, Hanada S, Takahashi Y, Murase K, Mochizuki S. The efficiacy and safety of long-term pirfenidone therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Med. 2018;18. DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.0559-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleetwood K, McCool R, Glanville J, Edwards SC, Gsteiger S, Daigl M, Fisher M. Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatments. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2017 Mar;23(3-b Suppl):S5-S16. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.3-b.s5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleetwood K, McCool R, Glanville J, Edwards SC, Gsteiger S, Daigl M, Fisher M. Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatments. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2017 Mar;23(3-b Suppl):S5-S16. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.3-b.s5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seifirad S. Pirfenidone: A novel hypothetical treatment for COVID-19. Med Hypotheses. 2020 Nov;144:110005. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seifirad S. Pirfenidone: A novel hypothetical treatment for COVID-19. Med Hypotheses. 2020 Nov;144:110005. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon HY, Park S, Kim DS, Song JW. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res. 2018 Oct 19;19(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s12931-018-0907-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon HY, Park S, Kim DS, Song JW. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res. 2018 Oct 19;19(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s12931-018-0907-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lancaster L, Albera C, Bradford WZ, Costabel U, du Bois RM, Fagan EA, Fishman RS, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, King TE Jr, Lederer DJ, Lin Z, Nathan SD, Pereira CA, Swigris JJ, Valeyre D, Noble PW. Safety of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: integrated analysis of cumulative data from 5 clinical trials. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2016 Jan 12;3(1):e000105. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2015-000105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lancaster L, Albera C, Bradford WZ, Costabel U, du Bois RM, Fagan EA, Fishman RS, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, King TE Jr, Lederer DJ, Lin Z, Nathan SD, Pereira CA, Swigris JJ, Valeyre D, Noble PW. Safety of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: integrated analysis of cumulative data from 5 clinical trials. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2016 Jan 12;3(1):e000105. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2015-000105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcos Ribes B, Sancho-Chust JN, Talens A, Arlandis M, Herraiz P, Chiner E, Aznar T. Effectiveness and safety of pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2020 Nov;27(6):350-354. doi: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001806.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcos Ribes B, Sancho-Chust JN, Talens A, Arlandis M, Herraiz P, Chiner E, Aznar T. Effectiveness and safety of pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2020 Nov;27(6):350-354. doi: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001806.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baccioglu A, Kalpaklioglu AF, Devrim T. İdiyopatik Pulononer Fibrozisli Bir Hastada Pirfenidon Altında Gelişen Fotodermatit: Bir Ultraviyole Hatırlama Reaksiyonu. Respiratory case reports. 2020;9:2:79-82. DOI: 10.5505/respircase.2020.99267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baccioglu A, Kalpaklioglu AF, Devrim T. İdiyopatik Pulononer Fibrozisli Bir Hastada Pirfenidon Altında Gelişen Fotodermatit: Bir Ultraviyole Hatırlama Reaksiyonu. Respiratory case reports. 2020;9:2:79-82. DOI: 10.5505/respircase.2020.99267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vietri L, Cameli P, Perruzza M, Cekorja B, Bergantini L, d'Alessandro M, Refini RM, Pieroni M, Fossi A, Bennett D, Spalletti M, Mazzei MA, Sestini P, Rottoli P, Bargagli E. Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: real-life experience in the referral centre of Siena. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2020 Jan-Dec;14:1753466620906326. doi: 10.1177/1753466620906326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vietri L, Cameli P, Perruzza M, Cekorja B, Bergantini L, d'Alessandro M, Refini RM, Pieroni M, Fossi A, Bennett D, Spalletti M, Mazzei MA, Sestini P, Rottoli P, Bargagli E. Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: real-life experience in the referral centre of Siena. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2020 Jan-Dec;14:1753466620906326. doi: 10.1177/1753466620906326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанян И.Э., Зайцева А.С., Шергина Е.А., и др. Опыт длительного применения пирфенидона у пациентов с идиопатическим легочным фиброзом. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2018; 27:4:77-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanyan IE, Zaitseva AS, Shergina EA, et al. Experience of long-term use of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical pharmacology and therapy. 2018; 27:4:77-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
