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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">patmedfar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пациентоориентированная медицина и фармация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Patient-Oriented Medicine and Pharmacy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1924</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC Izdatelstvo OKI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2949-1924-0140</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IORPIF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">patmedfar-235</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хронический кожный зуд: современные данные эпидемиологии, патогенеза, дифференциальной диагностики и терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic pruritus: modern data on epidemiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5371-2666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савгачева</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savgacheva</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савгачева Мария Юрьевна - преподаватель кафедры общественного здоровья и здравоохранения</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marija Yu. Savgacheva — Lecturer at the Department of Public Health and Public Health</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Maria.savgacheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7303-3810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плещёва</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pleshcheva</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плещёва Татьяна Николаевна - старший преподаватель кафедры общей гигиены с экологией</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana N. Pleshchevа - Senior Lecturer of the Department of General Hygiene with Ecology</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Chuvachko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5042-0001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермошина</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermoshina</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермошина Мария Евгеньевна - студентка 4 курса лечебного факультета</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria E. Ermoshina - 4th year student of the Faculty of Medicine</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mermoschina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Савгачева М.Ю., Плещёва Т.Н., Ермошина М.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савгачева М.Ю., Плещёва Т.Н., Ермошина М.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savgacheva M.Y., Pleshcheva T.N., Ermoshina M.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pomph.ru/jour/article/view/235">https://www.pomph.ru/jour/article/view/235</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Хронический кожный зуд (ХКЗ) является одной из наиболее частых жалоб в практике врачей терапевтов и дерматологов, ассоциированной со значительным снижением качества жизни, нарушением сна, тревогой и депрессией. Распространённость ХКЗ в общей популяции достигает 13,5–22,0 %, а у лиц старше 65 лет до 60 %, что делает проблему клинически и социально значимой.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. На основе анализа современных руководств и клинических исследований обобщить данные об эпидемиологии, патогенезе, дифференциальной диагностике и терапии ХКЗ с позиций пациентоориентированной медицины.</p></sec><sec><title>Источники данных</title><p>Источники данных. Проведён анализ ключевых источников: клинических руководств, оригинальных исследований и метаанализов, индексированных в PubMed и Cochrane Library по хроническому кожному зуду.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные результаты</title><p>Основные результаты. В патогенезе ХКЗ доминируют негистаминергические механизмы: IL-31, TSLP, дисбаланс μ/κ-опиоидных рецепторов, активация TRPV1/TRPA1-каналов и JAK/STAT-сигналинг. Предложен трёхступенчатый диагностический алгоритм, включающий обязательный лабораторный скрининг (общий анализ крови, ферритин, ТТГ, креатинин, печёночные пробы) и дополнительные методы (УЗИ, биопсию кожи, МРТ позвоночника). Терапия включает коррекцию основного заболевания, использование эмолентов и ступенчатое назначение системных препаратов: налтрексон (при холестазе), габапентин (при нейропатическом зуде), антидепрессанты (пароксетин, миртазапин), биологическую терапию (дупилумаб) и ингибиторы JAK (упадацитиниб). Особое внимание уделено совместному принятию решений, учёту предпочтений пациента и оценке качества жизни с помощью опросников ItchyQOL и DLQI. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Нарративный обзор предназначен для врачей-терапевтов, дерматологов, неврологов и врачей общей практики. Своевременная этиологическая диагностика и ступенчатая патогенетическая терапия позволяют контролировать ХКЗ и предотвращать психосоциальную дезадаптацию пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Chronic pruritus (CP) is one of the most frequent complaints in the practice of a general physician, associated with a significant reduction in quality of life, sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression. The prevalence of CP in the general population reaches 13.5–22.0 %, and in persons over 65 years of age — up to 60 %, making the problem clinically and socially significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Based on the analysis of current guidelines and clinical studies, to summarize data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and treatment of CP from a patient‑centered perspective.</p></sec><sec><title>Data sources</title><p>Data sources. An analysis of key sources was conducted: clinical guidelines, original studies and meta-analyses indexed in PubMed and the Cochrane Library, published on chronic itching.</p></sec><sec><title>Key findings</title><p>Key findings. Non‑histaminergic mechanisms dominate in the pathogenesis of CP: IL‑31, TSLP, μ/κ‑opioid receptor imbalance, activation of TRPV1/TRPA1 channels and JAK/STAT signaling. A three‑step diagnostic algorithm is proposed, including mandatory laboratory screening (complete blood count, ferritin, TSH, creatinine, liver function tests) and additional methods (ultrasound, skin biopsy, spinal MRI). Treatment includes correction of the underlying disease, the use of emollients, and stepwise prescription of systemic agents: naltrexone (for cholestasis), gabapentin (for neuropathic pruritus), antidepressants (paroxetine, mirtazapine), biologic therapy (dupilumab), and JAK inhibitors. Special attention is paid to shared decision‑making, consideration of patient preferences, and assessment of quality of life using the ItchyQOL and DLQI questionnaires.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The narrative review is intended for general physicians, dermatologists, neurologists, and general practitioners. Timely etiological diagnosis and stepwise pathogenetic therapy allow control of CP and prevention of psychosocial maladaptation of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический зуд</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic pruritus</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>shared decision-making</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ROST GA. 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