<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">patmedfar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пациентоориентированная медицина и фармация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Patient-Oriented Medicine and Pharmacy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1924</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC Izdatelstvo OKI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2949-1924-0105</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">FQSQWT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">patmedfar-187</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дисфонии детского возраста. Опыт собственных наблюдений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dysphonia in childhood. Experience of personal observations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8553-0489</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиленкова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilenkova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Викторовна Шиленкова, д. м. н., профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>кафедра оториноларингологии</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoria V. Shilenkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>ENT-department</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.shilenkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9639-0872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Александровна Виноградова, студент-стажёр</p><p>кафедра оториноларингологии</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia A. Vinogradova, Intern Student</p><p>ENT-department</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksyu.krash@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шиленкова В.В., Виноградова К.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шиленкова В.В., Виноградова К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shilenkova V.V., Vinogradova K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pomph.ru/jour/article/view/187">https://www.pomph.ru/jour/article/view/187</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Голос является базовым компонентом для успешного и всестороннего развития личности ребёнка, становления его характера и формирования определённых поведенческих характеристик. Дефекты голоса могут в будущем стать препятствием на пути к выбранной специальности, что чрезвычайно важно в профессиональном ориентировании подростка. Дисфонии у детей не являются временной проблемой, они требуют пристального внимания со стороны родителей, педагогов и врачей, качественной диагностики с учётом возрастных особенностей, а также подбора оптимального лечения с целью реабилитации голосовой функции и создания условий для всестороннего развития ребёнка.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить характер патологии гортани у детей и подростков на амбулаторном приёме оториноларинголога-фониатра, проанализировать факторы, влияющие на эффективность реабилитационных мероприятий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 97 детей и подростков в возрасте от 5 до 17 лет включительно. Комплексное обследование пациентов включало сбор анамнеза, оценку жалоб, состояния голоса, качества жизни, осмотр всех ЛОР-органов с использованием эндоскопической техники. Оценка качества голоса осуществлялась субъективно по шкале GRBAS. Для оценки качества жизни применён специализированный опросник Voice Handicap Index.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявленная патология гортани у детей отличалась разнообразием функциональных и органических изменений: мутация (48), узелки (37), кист (2), полип голосовых складок (1), нейрогенные и миогенные парезы гортани (6), контактная гранулёма (1), хронический отёчный ларингит (2). Из сопутствующей патологии превалировали гипертрофия глоточной миндалины (78,4 % детей), аллергический ринит (23,7 %), хронический тонзиллит, гипертрофия нёбных миндалин (47,4 %), гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс (12,4 %). Наибольшие значения GRBAS зафиксированы у детей с хроническим ларингитом и контактной гранулёмой гортани. Наихудшие показатели качества жизни продемонстрировали дети с параличами голосовых складок. Наиболее некомплаентными в отношении лечения и динамического наблюдения оказалось у детей с узелками голосовых складок.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Самыми частыми причинами дисфоний детского возраста остаются мутация (49,5 %) и узелки голосовых складок (38,1 %). В большинстве случаев родители не являются инициаторами обращения к фониатру, поскольку они либо не замечают проблем, возникающих у ребёнка в связи с расстройствами голоса, либо не акцентируют на них внимание. Эффективность реабилитационных мероприятий зависит от комплаентности пациента.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The voice is a basic component for the successful and comprehensive development of a child's personality, the formation of his character and the formation of certain behavioral characteristics. Voice defects can in the future become an obstacle to the chosen specialty, which is extremely important in the professional orientation of a teenager. Dysphonia in children is not a temporary problem, it requires close attention from parents, teachers and doctors, high-quality diagnostics taking into account age characteristics, as well as the selection of optimal treatment for the purpose of rehabilitating the voice function and creating conditions for the comprehensive development of the child.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess the nature of laryngeal pathology in children and adolescents at an outpatient appointment with an otolaryngologist-phoniatrist, to analyze the factors influencing the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 97 children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years inclusive. A comprehensive examination of patients included history, assessment of complaints, voice condition, quality of life, ENT examination using endoscopic equipment. Voice quality was assessed subjectively using the GRBAS scale. Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The identified laryngeal pathology in children was characterized by a variety of functional and organic changes: mutation (48), vocal fold nodules (37), vocal fold cysts (2), vocal fold polyp (1), neurogenic and myogenic laryngeal paresis (6), contact granuloma (1), chronic laryngitis (2). The most common comorbid pathologies were adenoid (78.4 % of children), allergic rhinitis (23.7 %), chronic tonsillitis, tonsil’s hypertrophy (47.4 %), and gastroesophageal reflux (12.4 %). The highest GRBAS values were recorded in children with chronic laryngitis and larynx contact granuloma. The worst quality of life indicators was demonstrated by children with vocal fold paralysis. The most non-compliant with respect to treatment and dynamic observation were children with vocal fold nodules.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The most common causes of dysphonia in children are mutation (49.5 %) and vocal fold nodules (38.1 %). In most cases, parents do not initiate a visit to a specialist of voice disorders, since they either do not notice the problems that arise in the child due to voice disorders or do not focus on them. The effectiveness of rehabilitation measures depends on the patient's compliance.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисфонии у детей</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>узелки</kwd><kwd>кисты</kwd><kwd>полипы голосовых складок</kwd><kwd>фонопедия</kwd><kwd>опросник Voice Handicap Index</kwd><kwd>шкала GRBAS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dysphonia in children</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>vocal fold nodules</kwd><kwd>cysts</kwd><kwd>vocal fold polyps</kwd><kwd>voice therapy</kwd><kwd>Voice Handicap Index questionnaire</kwd><kwd>GRBAS scale</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнялась без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out without sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrams DA, Chen T, Odriozola P, et al. Neural circuits underlying mother's voice perception predict social communication abilities in children. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113(22):6295-300. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1602948113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrams DA, Chen T, Odriozola P, et al. Neural circuits underlying mother's voice perception predict social communication abilities in children. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113(22):6295-300. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1602948113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poulain T, Fuchs M, Vogel M, Jurkutat A, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Berger T. Associations of Speaking-Voice Parameters With Personality and Behavior in School-Aged Children. J Voice. 2020 May;34(3):485.e23-485.e31. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poulain T, Fuchs M, Vogel M, Jurkutat A, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Berger T. Associations of Speaking-Voice Parameters With Personality and Behavior in School-Aged Children. J Voice. 2020 May;34(3):485.e23-485.e31. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисова Г.Н. Голосовые нарушения у людей, профессии которых связаны с речью. Евразийский научный журнал. 2017;7(12):43-46. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/golosovye-narusheniya-u-lyudey-professii-kotoryh-svyazany-s-rechyu (дата обращения: 30. 07. 2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisova G.N. Voice disorders in people whose professions are related to speech. Eurasian Scientific Journal. 2017;7(12): 43-46. (In Russ.) https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/golosovye-narusheniya-u-lyudey-professii-kotoryh-svyazany-s-rechyu</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аскарьянц В.П. Хакимжанова А.С.К. Физиология развития органов дыхания после рождения. Восточно-Европейский научный журнал. 2022;3(79):29-32. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/fiziologiya-razvitie-organov-dyhaniya-posle-rozhdeniya (дата обращения: 30. 07. 2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Askaryants V.P. Khakimzhanova A.S.K. Physiology of development of respiratory organs after birth. East European Scientific Journal. 2022;3(79):29-32. (In Russ.) https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/fiziologiya-razvitie-organov-dyhaniya-posle-rozhdeniya</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орлова О.С., Эстрова П.А., Калмыкова А.С. Особенности развития детского голоса в онтогенезе. Специальное образование. 2013;(4):92-104. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-razvitiya-detskogo-golosa-v-ontogeneze (дата обращения: 30. 07. 2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlova O.S., Estrova P.A., Kalmykova A.S. Features of children's voice development during ontogenesis. Special education. 2013;(4):92-104. (In Russ.) https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-razvitiya-detskogo-golosa-v-ontogeneze</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balakrishnan S, Santhi T, Afsal EM. Dysphonia in Children; Clinical Profile, Conservative Treatment Modalities and Outcomes: An Institutional Experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 Dec;75(4):3248-3255. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-03952-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balakrishnan S, Santhi T, Afsal EM. Dysphonia in Children; Clinical Profile, Conservative Treatment Modalities and Outcomes: An Institutional Experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 Dec;75(4):3248-3255. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-03952-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duff MC, Proctor A, Yairi E. Prevalence of voice disorders in African American and European American preschoolers. J Voice. 2004 Sep;18(3):348-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.12.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duff MC, Proctor A, Yairi E. Prevalence of voice disorders in African American and European American preschoolers. J Voice. 2004 Sep;18(3):348-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.12.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akif Kiliç M, Okur E, Yildirim I, Güzelsoy S. The prevalence of vocal fold nodules in school age children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Apr;68(4):409-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.11.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akif Kiliç M, Okur E, Yildirim I, Güzelsoy S. The prevalence of vocal fold nodules in school age children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Apr;68(4):409-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.11.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Kadi M, Alfawaz MA, Alotaibi FZ. Impact of Voice Therapy on Pediatric Patients With Dysphonia and Vocal Nodules: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2022 Apr 24;14(4):e24433. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Kadi M, Alfawaz MA, Alotaibi FZ. Impact of Voice Therapy on Pediatric Patients With Dysphonia and Vocal Nodules: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2022 Apr 24;14(4):e24433. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tavares EL, Brasolotto A, Santana MF, Padovan CA, Martins RH. Epidemiological study of dysphonia in 4-12 year-old children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Nov-Dec;77(6):736-46. doi: 10.1590/S1808-86942011000600010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tavares EL, Brasolotto A, Santana MF, Padovan CA, Martins RH. Epidemiological study of dysphonia in 4-12 year-old children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Nov-Dec;77(6):736-46. doi: 10.1590/S1808-86942011000600010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stojanovic J, Veselinovic M, Jevtic M, Jovanovic M, Nikolic D, Kuzmanovic Pficer J, Zivkovic-Marinkov E, Relic N. Assessment of Life Quality in Children with Dysphonia Using Modified Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire in Serbia. Children (Basel). 2023 Jan 6;10(1):125. doi: 10.3390/children10010125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stojanovic J, Veselinovic M, Jevtic M, Jovanovic M, Nikolic D, Kuzmanovic Pficer J, Zivkovic-Marinkov E, Relic N. Assessment of Life Quality in Children with Dysphonia Using Modified Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire in Serbia. Children (Basel). 2023 Jan 6;10(1):125. doi: 10.3390/children10010125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang R, Li J, Nie Q, Zou S, Wu M. Clinical analysis of 46 cases of female laryngeal contact granuloma. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2020;34(4):360-363. Chinese. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2020.04.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang R, Li J, Nie Q, Zou S, Wu M. Clinical analysis of 46 cases of female laryngeal contact granuloma. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2020;34(4):360-363. Chinese. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2020.04.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдуллаев БЗ, Нажмудинов ИИ, Давудов ХШ, Гаращенко ТИ, Гусейнов ИГ, Хоранова МЮ. Хронический отечно-полипозный ларингит (болезнь Рейнке – Гайека) как причина охриплости. Персонифицированный подход к хирургическому лечению. Медицинский Совет. 2023;(4):169-176. doi: 10.21518/ms2022-008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdullaev BZ, Nazhmudinov II, Davudov KS, Garashchenko TI, Guseynov IG, Khoranova MY. Chronic edematous-polypous laryngitis (Reinke – Gayek disease) as a cause of hoarseness. Personalized approach to the surgical treatment. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2023;(4):169-176. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/ms2022-008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
